Infrastructure (Mines)

 PROJECT DGS 01 : INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING OF THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVERY (DGS)

Project summary :

Location : Thimpu

2. Sector : Geology and Mines

3. Executing Agency : Ministry of Trade and Industries (MTI)

4. Implementing Agency : Division of Geological Survey

5. Estimated cost:
Recurrent : Nu. 1.800 m
Capital: Nu. 8.758 m
Total: Nu . 10.558 m

6. Funds Secured : Nil

7. Financing Gap: Nu. 8.758 m

8. External finance reqd.: Nu. 8.758 m

9. Status : New

10. Documents available: 8FYP Document, Programme Document-Subsector Geo-science and Mineral Resources, H Van Wees, ESCAP, 19991

Project Objectives

- Catalogue and build a bibliography on Bhutan geology and mineral resources;
- Develop a computerized data-base and information management system;
- Publish 5 copies each of all DGS and Geological Survey of India (GSI) field reports;
- Provide adequate survey instrumentation to enable the preparation of accurate topographic )base) maps for geological, geo-technical and mine surveys;
- Develop the capacity and capability for production of high quality maps and other graphic representations using computers and available mapping software; and
- Training of DGS technicians and draughtsman.

Project Description 

Since 1961 the Geological Survey of India has been conducting geological work throughout Bhutan. Both the DGS and the GSI's investigations have generated a considerable amount of invaluable data that need to be systematically catalogued, published and preserved.

Unfortunately, most of the early reports are not available in the DGS library. Reports that are available have limited use as they are often incomplete, with maps missing, or paper foraged by silver fish. Each year the DGS also produces a number of technical reports on the year's activities which need to be updated and preserved with care as they constitute an asset.

Under this project, the DGS will catalogue and build a bibliography of all available information on Bhutan's geology and mineral resources. A computerized information service system will be developed for storage and retrieval of data. For example, the system should allow immediate access to abstracts of all reports on file. A major activity under this project is publishing the information (text and maps) in 5 copies each.

Out of necessity, the DGS maintains a Survey and Drawing Cell which is responsible for preparing large scale base maps for the field teams assigned to carry out geological, geo-technical and mine surveys. These maps obviously need to be accurate especially for detailed exploration activities in order to minimize errors in mineral reserve estimations.

The desired levels of accuracy are, at present, not achieved in survey work due to several constraints such as the drastic shortage of basic survey instruments (e.g. theodolite), lack of a well-qualified surveyor and inadequately trained survey technicians. Moreover, the existing drafting facility requires old techniques to be applied which often lead to production of poor quality maps.

Under the project a. major component of the external assistance includes training of the DGS surveyors by an expert both on-site and at the HQ to upgrade their technical knowledge. In addition, the consultant will be responsible for developing a computer-aided map production system, after examining the specific needs of the DGS. New Instruments, equipment and a vehicle are the basic requirements for strengthening the DGS Survey and Drawing Cell.

Project Impact 

The project will enable a complete 'stock taking' of all information on the geology and mineral resources of Bhutan and ensure that information is instantly available when required. Immediate beneficiaries of the project are the geo-sciences community, the mineral industry and other users of geo-science data e.g.. Public Works Division, Ministry of Agriculture and the National Environment Commission Secretariat.

More importantly, the project will strengthen the DGS's capability and credibility as the national source of basic and specialized geo-sciences information required for planning and implementing various development projects in the country.

The Project should result in DGS producing better quality geologic and mineral resources maps. The DGS surveyors should also be able to upgrade their knowledge and skills which will enable them to increase the speed and quality of their job performance.

With an improved maps production facility, the DGs can print various kinds of geologic maps for use by other RGoB ministries and departments and the mining industry. At present, the DGS itself has very limited copies of Bhutan's Geological map which is rather ironical.

Project Management  

The project will be jointly managed by DGs counterparts (a geologist and a librarian) and the computer specialist consultant and librarian. Final publication of reports will probably have to be contracted out to a local printing press.

The survey consultant will be responsible for preparing and conducting a training programme (on-the-job and at the HQ), advising on computerized cartographic work, and organizing and leading field surveys. A DGS surveyor will be the counterpart to the consultant and assist in all aspects of the project.

Financing Detail  

External financing will be required to meet all capital costs relating to the project such as expenditures on computer equipment, computer consultancy services, development of the information system, transport facilities, furniture, publication and training.

Manpower Requirement

- A national librarian will be recruited and trained in library management and operation of the information system for a period of 6 months.
- A computer specialist will be required for a period of 6 months to design the computerized information system and train the DGs librarian and officers to operate and maintain the system.
- An assistant to the DGS librarian designate.

At the present the DGS Survey and Drawing Cell consist of 1 surveyor, 3 survey assistants and 2 draughtspersons, the following additional manpower are required;
- 1 qualified surveyor (BSc. Survey) to be inducted.
- 2 survey technicians and 2 draughtpersons (graduates from the Royal Technical Institute, Kharbandi) will have to be recruited and trained under this project.
- Contingent labourers will be required during field work.

Equipment

The project involves the procurement of computers, photocopy machines, printers, mapping software, color plotter etc.

Technical Assistance:

- A GSI librarian will direct and train his DGS counterpart in library procedures (cataloguing).
- A computer specialist who will design and set up the library information system (over a period of 6 months)and also train the DGS librarian and officers to operate the system.
- Supply of equipment (computers, printers, photocopier)and furniture.
- Consultancy service of a survey expert for a period of 18 months to set up a computer-aided maps production unit which will include on-the-job training of DGS survey staff by the consultant.
- Short-term training in survey and cartography in third countries.

PROJECT DGS 02 : REGIONAL GEOCHEMCIAL SURVEY (PROSPECTING)  

Project summary :

Location : Thimpu

2. Sector : Geology and Mines

3. Executing Agency : Ministry of Trade and Industries (MTI)

4. Implementing Agency : Division of Geological Survey

5. Estimated cost:
Recurrent : Nu. 1.500 m
Capital: Nu. 8.361 m
Total: Nu . 9.861 m

6. Funds Secured : Nil

7. Financing Gap: Nu. 8.361 m

8. External finance reqd.: Nu. 8.361 m

9. Status : New

10. Documents available: 7FYP Document, Programme Document-Subsector Geo-science and Mineral Resources, H Van Wees, ESCAP, 1991. Project Proposals for regional Geochemcial Surveys in the Kingdom of Bhutan, DGS, November, 1994.

Project Objectives

- Locate new mineral occurrences/deposits,
- Assess Bhutan's mineral resource potential,
- Develop the DGS's capabilities for geochemical investigations.

Project Description

Geochemical drainage surveys are quick, relatively inexpensive, and suited for covering large areas in the search for mineral deposits. The project will involve collection of soil and stream sediment samples within the major drainage basins in the country. Samples collected in the field will be checked in the DGS laboratory for their metal content following which geochemical maps will be preapred for use in future exploration programmes. Potential areas showing geochemical anomalies will be prospected concurrently with the regional survey.

Project impact

Regional geochemical data, currently unavailable, in Bhutan, are an essential input for detailed exploration programmes. With the results of the regional survey, the DGs will have a scientific base for planning its exploration will intensify as a considerable number of target areas are identified by the survey. The ultimate beneficiary of the project will be the country if exploration leads to the development of several mineral deposits.

Project Management

As the DGS has no experience in geochemical surveys, a consultant experienced in geochemical exploration will be required to design and implement the project. The consultant, assisted by a DGS counterpart, will be responsible for all aspects of the project. An economic geologist will also be necessary for the detailed exploration phase of the project. Active field participation with DGS personnel is expected of these consultants.

Financing Detail

Donor assistance will be required to fund all capital costs relating to the project whereas the recurrent costs are proposed to be borne by the RGoB.

Manpower Requirement 

National counterpart staff will include the following:
- 1 Geologist and
- 4 Technical Assistants (Geology).

Contingent labourers will have to be employed during field work. About 11,000 man-days are estimated for the whole duration of the project.

Equipment

For effective implementation of project activities, the project includes the purchase of Field equipment/gear such as - Auger drill & accessories [2], East Wing geological hammer [10], Soil sampler Kit [4], Soil Science Field Testing Kit [4], Sampling tools (as required), and Tents (for alpine, temperate & sub-tropical climates) [4sets each]. The project also requires the provision of Computer facilities such as -ACER-486 PC (1), Toshiba laptop (2), Digitizer (1), HP-Laser Printer (1), Epson dot-matrix printer (1), and Pen plotter (1).

Technical Assistance

PROJECT DGS 03 : DETAILED GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND EXPLORATION 

Project summary :

Location : Wangdue, Trashigang and Gelephu

1. Sector : Geology and Mines

2. Executing Agency : Ministry of Trade and Industries (MTI)

3. Implementing Agency : Geological Survey of Bhutan

4. Estimated cost:
Recurrent : Nu. 7.545 m
Capital: Nu. 2.860 m
Total: Nu . 10.405 m

5. Funds Secured : Nil

6. Financing Gap: Nu. 2.860 m

7. External finance required : Nu. 2.860 m

8. Status : New

9. Documents available : None

Project Objectives

- Carry out detailed geological investigations on 3 mineral deposits (detailed surface, and subsurface studies by drilling) which will lead to the definition of the deposits in terms of grade (quality) and reserves (quantity) for future exploitation,
- Involve the 3 new geology undergraduates (who are expected to joint the department in the beginning of the 8 FYP) in the project, and provide them training in mineral exploration so that later on they can independently lead and supervise such projects.

Project Description

Three major activities are planned under the Project. In fact, each of these activities could well be a major field project by itself, with duration ranging from 2 to 3 years. As mentioned earlier, the project is expected to prove deposits (in terms of grades and reserves0 as sources of raw materials for domestic production of mineral commodities.

In the first phase, after the establishment of field camps, the 3 target areas will be covered by large scale (1:2000) topographic surveys followed by detailed geological mapping with simultaneous systematic sampling of the mineral outcrops. The samples will be analyzed and an interim geological report submitted.

In the second phase, boreholes will be planned following which drilling will commence to obtain subsurface geological data. After completing the drilling operations and analyses of drill-hole core samples, the final geological reports on the 3 deposits will be submitted. Based on these reports, investment decisions can be taken by the concerned MTI authorities regarding the deposits.

The field activities are tentatively scheduled as follows. A brief background is also provided.

July 1997 to July 1999

Detailed investigation of tungsten occurrence at Pintsa, Wangdue dzongkhag by drilling

A large-scale geological map (1:2000) of this target area is now available, prepared jointly by the DGS and the GSI. Detailed surface study of the occurrence is also completed and the GSI is currently carrying out a detailed exploration by drilling in the southeast portion. The DGS proposes to take up the detailed study in the northwest block; it will be the first independent DGS project on a metallic deposit.

July 1998 to July 2000 AD.

Detailed exploration of Narpphung dolomite deposits, Trashigang dzongkhag

This dolomite deposit which is near S/Jongkhar-Trashigang highway has been studied previously by the GSI workers, but not in detail. The deposit warrants further geological investigations in light of the hydropower supply that will be made available in the near future from the Kurichu Hydropower Project. If found economically viable to mine this deposit, it can give rise to a number of dolopower units (for export of dolopower to Assam tea gardens) and sale of flux grade dolomite (if available) to local steel plants in Assam.

The field activity will start with large scale topographic and geological mapping, detailed surface sampling, followed by drilling of the deposit and chemical analysis of core samples. The final report should be completed by the end of year 2000 AD for consideration by the MTI.

July 1999 to July 2001 AD.

Detailed study of the limestone occurrence in Gaylephug-Zhemgang area, Gaylegphug & Zhemgang dzongkhags

With funding from Kuwait, a proposal for setting a up a cement (OPC) plant in Gaylgphus is underway, and the techno-economic feasibility study of the project has been competed by a consultancy firm (MECON). However, a sufficient source of limestone for this plant has to be ensured. The objective of this field activity is to find and prove an additional source of cement grade limestone in the region. Therefore, budget provision has to be set aside for this purpose.

Project Impact

- Increase in the country's mineral resources base,
- Facilitating establishment of small-scale mineral-based ventures and a rise in income and job opportunities of the local people.
- Increase in the collection of tax revenue from the mineral sector.

Project Management

The project will be managed by the existing technical staff of the DGs which includes geologists, surveyors and technical assistants. Three geology undergraduates are also expected to join the project to assist the senior geologists who will lead and supervise and field activities.

Financing Detail

Donor assistance will be required to fund all capital costs relating to the project whereas the recurrent costs are proposed to be borne by the RGoB.

Equipment

One of the critical needs for implementing the field project is field transport without which it would be very difficult to shift men and machines from the HQ to the sites of investigation. Since the activities will be in different parts of the country. The DGS will require the following equipment and transport facilities to effectively implement the project acitvities-4WD pickup, Hilux (3), Drilling tools & accessories (Japanese, TONE)

Diesel generator 93), Camping equipment, Filed instruments, Excavation and sampling implements, CGI & polythene tanks and pipes, Barbed wire, Construction of hutments: field office, core-sheds, sampling room drilling store, etc.

PROJECT DGS 04 : SITE - SPECIFIC STUDIES OF GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

Project summary :

Location : Thimpu

2. Sector : Geology and Mines

3. Executing Agency : Ministry of Trade and Industries (MTI)

4. Implementing Agency : Division of Geological Survey (DGS)

5. Estimated cost:
Recurrent : Nu. 1.490 m
Capital: Nu. 1.200 m
Total: Nu . 2.690 m

6. Funds Secured : Nil

7. Financing Gap: Nu. 1.200 m

8. External finance required : Nu. 1.200 m

9. Status : New

10. Documents available : None

Project Objectives

- Carry out detailed study of old Dzongs and important urban centres which are prone to instability so that remedial measures can be carried out on time.
- Provide data required by civil engineers for Dzong renovations, stabilization of slopes and reinforcement of Dzong foundations or structures.
- Produce an inventory of Bhutan's glacial lakes and thereby a Glacial Lakes Map of Bhutan.
- Locate glacial lakes which have hazard / disaster potential for future monitoring.
- Carry out hazards, risk and vulnerability assessments in disaster-prone areas.
- Identify mitigation measures.
- Create awareness of the hazards to the local authorities and population.

Project Description

Several old Dzongs (Trongsa, Trashigang & Semtokha) are known to have developed cracks in their walls. Given the historic and spiritual values these Dzongs have for the Bhutanese people, there is a need to investigate the causes of such cracks and other evidences of ground or structural instability.

There are also townships, industrial towns and their peripheral areas which are prone to landslides, subsidence, etc., (e.g. Paro, Phuntsholing, Trongsa, Trashigang, Pemagatshel). Under this project, slope and ground stability studies are proposed to be carried out for 4 old Dzongs and 5 urban/industrial areas. The results of the field investigations will be shared with the Municipal Corporations and the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The outburst of a glacial lake, Luggi Tso, in Lunana region of 7 October 1994 was a sad but convincing example of how glacial lakes in the Bhutan Himalayas can, in general, be sources of disastrous flash floods. A preliminary study of the glaciated region in north and northwest Bhutan has shown the existence of numerous glacial lakes which are growing in size over the years. Some of these may pose great danger to downstream settlements and development infrastructure.

Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct further investigations on the glacial lakes in major watersheds. So, under this project, the DGS proposes to carry out the following activities during the 8FYP.

July 1997 - March 1999

An inventory of glacial lakes within the country will be prepared using satellite imageries (Landsat & SPOT) which will the first Glacial Lakes Map of Bhutan. The study will quickly allow identifying glacial lakes which are dangerous; these lakes are to be named for the purpose of future reference.

July 1999 - September 2001

Carrying out expeditions to the targeted lakes, which are accessible, to study and verify the existing field conditions to assess their risk potentials.

October 2001 - July 2002

Purpose hazard reduction measures at the sources of danger and assist the Ministry of home Affairs to develop disaster management plans for vulnerable areas identified through the project activities.

It is proposed that the project should commence in the first year of the 8FYP and will be completed after 3 years. The capital cost includes purchase of computer equipment and software, satellite imageries of Bhutan's northern, glaciated frontier and basic instruments for preparing maps and other graphic representations. The proposed recurrent budget is for meeting mainly the TA/DA of the project field staff, labour wages and other exigencies over the 3 year term.

Project Impact

The study will benefit the town planning authorities both at the capital and the dzongkhags, and the Ministry of Home Affairs involved in the restoration of old Dzong and other historic sites. It would enable better land use planning in townships and areas designated as industrial areas.

The project will lead basically to creation of awareness amongst the concerned RGoB authorities regarding the dangers from glacial lake outbreaks and contribute to national planning for natural disaster prevention and mitigation in the near future.

The information and data collected during the course of project execution would be useful to the Division of Power (DoP), the NEC and the Ministry of Home Affairs (national focal points for IDNDR), and donor agencies willing to assist the RGoB in the reduction of geologic hazards.

Project Management

The DGS Engineering Geology Section will implement the project in close coordination with the technical personnel and authorities of other concerned RGoB departments.

Manpower Requirement

The project will require the following additional manpower to ensure efficient implementation of the project activities- 2 engineers, geologist, 2 technical assistant, 1 surveyor and other Contingent labourers.

Equipment

The necessary equipment requirement for the project are - Transport facilities, Mirror stereoscope for studying Aerial Photos, satellite imageries with accessories (3 sets), Satellite imageries (Landsat & SPOT) as required, Computer equipment with digitizer, Plotter, and digitizing board & laser printer, Seismograph with accessories (1), Standard and Dynamic cone penetrometer (1 set each), Piezometer and Point - load testing equipment with accessories.

Technical Assistance

- Short-term consultancy services of a glaciologist with experience in glacial lake outbursts in the Himalayas (3 man-months in 1998-1999).
- Training in geologic hazard and risk assessment.