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General Details |
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| President |
Ms.
Megawati Sukarnoputri |
| Capital |
Jakarta
(Special Capital City Region of Jakarta). |
| Area |
7.9
million square kilometers. |
| Coastline |
54,716
km |
| Land
boundaries: |
1,919,317
square kilometers, which includes some 93,000 square
kilometers of inland seas. |
| Maritime
claims |
Inter
island transportation critical; traditional sailing craft
still widely used but increasing motorization. Port
improvements underway in 1980s and early 1990s; 300
registered ports for international and interisland trade.
Domestic merchant fleet composed of 35 oceangoing vessels,
259 interisland vessels, more than 1,000 modernized local
vessels, almost 4,000 traditional vessels, 1,900 special
bulk carriers. Nearly 21,600 kilometers of inland
waterways. |
| Climate |
Tropical,
hot, humid; more moderate climate in highlands. Little
variation in temperature because of almost uniformly warm
waters that are part of the archipelago. In much of
western Indonesia dry season June to September, rainy
season December to March. |
| Natural
Resources |
Resources |
| Irrigated
land |
45,970
sq km (approx.) |
| Natural
hazards |
Occasional
floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes |
| Environment-international
agreements |
party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertication,
Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea,
Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Marine Life Conservation |
| Population
& its structure |
195,683,531
in July 1992, with 1.7 percent annual growth rate.
Sixty-nine percent in rural areas; high population
density--major islands more than 500 persons per square
kilometer; 100 persons or fewer per square kilometer in
most densely populated Outer Islands . Jakarta largest
city with 11.5 million in 1990. Government Transmigration
Program fosters relocation from densely populated to
less-populated islands. |
| Birth
rate |
22.78
births/1,000 population (approx.) |
| Death
rate |
8.14
deaths/1,000 population (approx.) |
| Net
migration rate |
0
migrant(s)/1,000 population (approx.) |
| Sex
ratio |
at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (approx.) |
| Life
expectancy at birth |
total
population: 62.92 years
male: 60.67 years
female: 65.29 years (approx.) |
| Religion |
Most
(87 percent) observe Islam; 6 percent Protestant, 3
percent Roman Catholic, 2 percent Hindu, 1 percent
Buddhist, 1 percent other. |
| Education |
Twelve-year
education system (primary--grades one through six; junior
high school--grades seven through nine; and senior high
school--grades ten through twelve). Mandatory primary
level, optional secondary education. System supervised by
Department of Education and Culture (nonreligious, public
schools-- about 85 percent of total enrollment) and
Department of Religious Affairs (religious, private, and
semiprivate schools--about 15 percent of total
enrollment). Adult literacy rate 77 percent in 1991.
Emphasis on the Pancasila in public schools; most
religious schools emphasize traditional Islamic values.
Some 900 institutions of higher education; University of
Indonesia in Jakrata founded by Dutch in 1930s; Gadjah
Mada University in Yogyakarta founded by Indonesians in
1946. |
| Health |
In 1990
life expectancy 62.0 years for women and 58.4 for men;
infant mortality rate 71 per 1,000 live births; annual
population growth rate 2.0 percent. Three-tier community
health centers in late 1980s; 0.06 hospital beds per 1,000
population lowest rate among Association of Southeast
Asian Nations members. Traditional and modern health
practices employed. |
| Legislative
Body |
Unicameral
House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat |
| Language |
Official
language Bahasa Indonesia ; 668 other languages also
spoken. Languages with 1 million or more speakers (in
estimated numerical order): Javanese, Sundanese, Malay,
Madurese, Minangkabau, Balinese, Bugisnese, Acehnese, Toba
Batak, Makassarese, Banjarese, Sasak, Lampung, Dairi Batak,
and Rejang. |
| Literacy |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 83.8%
male: 89.6%
female: 78% |
| Currency |
Indonesian
rupiah (Rp) |
| Legal
System |
Based
on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous
concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| GDP:
Purchasing Power Parity |
-$602
billion (approx.)
 |
| GDP
- real growth rate |
-13.7%
(approx.) |
| GDP
- per capita |
purchasing
power parity-$2,830(approx.) |
| GDP
- Composition by sector |
agriculture:
18.8%
industry: 40.3%
services: 40.9% (approx.) |
| Economy
Overview |
Economy
transformed from virtually no industry in 1965 to
production of steel, aluminum, and cement by late 1970s.
Indonesia exporter of oil; responsible for about 6 percent
of total Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
production in 1991. Emphasis in early 1990s on less
government interference in private business and greater
technology inputs. Agriculture predominates and benefits
from infusion of modern technology by government.
Indonesia major aid recipient. Major trade partners Japan
and United States; trade with ASEAN fellow members
increasing. |
| Household
income |
lowest
10%: 3.6%
highest 10%: 28.3% (approx.) |
| Inflation
rate (consumer prices) |
77%
(approx.) |
| Industries |
Petroleum
and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining,
cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food;
tourism |
| Industrial
growth rate |
-13.7%
(approx.) |
| Agriculture
Products |
Rice,
cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm
oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs |
| Exports |
$49
billion (approx.) |
| Exports-commodities |
Garments
7.9%, textiles 7.3%, gas 6.4%, electrical appliances 5.9%,
pulp and paper 5.3%, oil 4.7%, plywood 4.7% |
| Exports-partners |
Japan
18%, EU 15%, US 14%, Singapore 13%, South Korea 5%, Hong
Kong 4%, China 3.9%, Taiwan 3.4% (approx.) |
| Imports |
$24
billion (approx.) |
| Imports-commodities |
Manufactures
75.3%, raw materials 9.0%, foodstuffs 7.8%, fuels 7.7% |
| Imports-partners |
Japan
20%, US 13%, Germany 9%, Singapore 9%, Australia 6.4%,
South Korea 5.4%, Taiwan 3.4%, China 3.1% (approx.) |
| Communication |
|
| Telephones |
1,276,600
(approx.) |
| Radio
Broadcast stations |
AM 618,
FM 38, shortwave 0 |
| Radios |
28.1
million (approx.) |
| Television
broadcast station |
41 (of
which 18 are government-owned and 23 are commercial)
(approx.) |
| Televisions |
11.5
million (approx.) |
| Transportation |
|
| Railways |
total:
6,458 km
narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km
electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge |
| Highways |
total:
342,700 km
paved: 158,670 km
unpaved: 184,030 km (approx.) |
| Waterways |
21,579
km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km,
Kalimantan 10,460 km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian
Jaya 4,587 km |
| Ports
and Harbours |
Cilacap,
Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya,
Ujungpandang |
| Air
Ports |
443
(approx.) |
| Pipelines |
Crude
oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703
km |
| Tax
Structure |
Tax
Structure
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| International
Membership |
APEC,
AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM
(observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG,
UNPREDEP, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
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General Section
